[16] Goodwill and other intangible assets

Goodwill is broken down by segment as follows: > TABLE 068

Goodwill broken down by segment

 

068

in € million

2018

2017

Industrial Trucks & Services

1,500.7

1,511.0

LMH EMEA

817.2

817.7

STILL EMEA

549.2

549.7

KION Americas

21.3

23.5

KION APAC

112.9

120.1

Supply Chain Solutions

1,924.2

1,871.5

Dematic

1,924.2

1,871.5

Total goodwill

3,424.8

3,382.5

The change in goodwill in 2018 mainly resulted from currency effects.

The Group intends to retain and further strengthen the Linde, STILL, OM and KION brand names on a long-term basis. Brand names worth €466.2 million are assigned to the LMH EMEA CGU (31 December 2017: €466.2 million) and brand names worth €114.6 million to the STILL EMEA CGU (31 December 2017: €114.8 million). These assets are not amortised as they have an indefinite useful life. As at 31 December 2018, the brand names allocated to the KION APAC CGU had a carrying amount of €7.8 million (31 December 2017: €7.8 million) and had an indefinite useful life. The brand names allocated to the Supply Chain Solutions segment were worth €350.6 million as at 31 December 2018 (31 December 2017: €350.6 million) and essentially had an indefinite useful life. > TABLE 069

Intangible assets

 

 

 

 

069

in € million

Goodwill

Brand names

Technology and development

Sundry intangible assets

Total

Balance as at 01/01/2017

3,572.9

954.3

723.7

924.6

6,175.6

Group changes

9.5

0.1

9.6

Currency translation adjustments

–199.8

–0.9

–59.8

–86.0

–346.5

Additions

75.4

28.8

104.2

Disposals

–0.3

–0.3

Amortisation

–0.2

–69.0

–148.2

–217.5

Impairment

–8.6

–8.6

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as at 31/12/2017

3,382.5

944.6

670.3

719.0

5,716.5

Gross carrying amount as at 31/12/2017

3,382.5

955.2

917.2

1,049.5

6,304.4

Accumulated amortisation

–10.6

–246.9

–330.5

–588.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as at 01/01/2018

3,382.5

944.6

670.3

719.0

5,716.5

Group changes

0.2

0.1

0.3

Currency translation adjustments

42.1

–0.2

16.1

21.0

78.9

Additions

84.0

26.7

110.7

Disposals

–0.2

–0.0

–0.2

Amortisation

–0.1

–76.6

–106.1

–182.8

Impairment

–1.7

–1.7

Reclassification

–4.0

4.0

 

 

 

 

 

 

Balance as at 31/12/2018

3,424.8

944.3

689.7

662.9

5,721.6

Gross carrying amount as at 31/12/2018

3,424.8

954.9

992.4

1,000.1

6,372.2

Accumulated amortisation

–10.6

–302.7

–337.3

–650.6

The total carrying amount for technology and development assets as at 31 December 2018 was €689.7 million (31 December 2017: €670.3 million). Development costs of €84.0 million were capitalised in the reporting year (2017: €75.4 million). Amortisation expenses of €76.6 million were also recognised (2017: €69.0 million); these expenses are reported under cost of sales. Research and development costs totalling €137.7 million (2017: €137.0 million) were expensed.

Other intangible assets relate in particular to licences, patents, software and customer relationships.